2022-02-14來源：海文考研
同學(xué)們在做閱讀題的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)掉入出題人設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)的“陷阱”里，其實(shí)干擾項(xiàng)，即錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置也是有規(guī)律可循的。老師給大家總結(jié)了幾類干擾項(xiàng)的特征，并附上真題示例，以供大家參考。
1. 望文生義
拘泥于字面含義，沒有體會(huì)作者所要表達(dá)的真實(shí)意思。
（2008Text4）For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owing slaves was “l(fā)ike having a large bank account,” says Wiencek…
Q4: Which of the following is true according to the text?
[C] Slaves owners usually had large savings account.
分析：Wiencek在形容奴隸具有的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值時(shí)，打了個(gè)比方，擁有奴隸就如同擁有巨額存款。[C]“奴隸主常常擁有大筆存款”沒有表達(dá)出該比喻的真正含義。
2.偷換概念
即偷換原文中的詞語，使敘述內(nèi)容發(fā)生改變，以達(dá)到渾水摸魚干擾考生的目的。
[2011 Text 2]Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.
Q4: It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated
分析:[B]選項(xiàng)將文中提到的“頂*經(jīng)理人下臺(tái)帶來的不光彩”偷換成“頂*經(jīng)理人的忠誠”，過時(shí)的是“跳槽不光彩的看法”，而非“高管們的忠誠”。
3.邏輯關(guān)系順倒，包括：因果順倒，主被動(dòng)關(guān)系順倒，手段與目的順倒等。
[2006 Text 1] People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
Q2: According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century .
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
分析：從句中 launched一詞可以得知，百貨公司的興起是消費(fèi)文化普及的起因。因此[D]選項(xiàng)因果顛倒。
4. 張冠李戴
把與甲有關(guān)的內(nèi)容說成是與乙有關(guān)，或者把甲的特點(diǎn)說成是乙的特點(diǎn)。
[2011Text1] For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must complete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20"century.
Q3: The author believes that the devoted concertgoers .
[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances
分析：[C]選項(xiàng)根據(jù)文中第二句羅列的多種藝術(shù)消費(fèi)形式設(shè)置干擾詞 variety of，將音樂迷夸大的是現(xiàn)場演奏的“價(jià)值”改為“種類”。
5.反向干擾
即將原文中的含義反過來說。
[2013 Text 1]Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person -- and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Q2: According to Cline, mass market labels urge consumers to .
[A]combat unnecessary waste
分析：[A]選項(xiàng)將句中 leads to waste改為 combat unnecessary waste，從而和文義完全相反。
6.生硬捏造
即利用原文中個(gè)別詞匯捏造信息,無法在文中找到確切依據(jù)。
[2014Text4]In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
Q2: Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .
[A] define the government's role in education
[B] safeguard individuals' rights to education
[C] retain people's interest in liberal education
分析:[A]、[B]利用句中個(gè)別詞匯如 government, education, individual等設(shè)置陷阱，該句指出“國會(huì)重要人物要求AAAS'界定出各級政府等可以采取的行動(dòng)’”，而并沒有要求“界定政府在教育中的作用”或是“保護(hù)個(gè)人受教育的權(quán)利”。[C]選項(xiàng)更有甚者，文中絲毫未曾提及“保持人們對人文教育的興趣”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，如果說前兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)還有捕風(fēng)捉影之嫌，則此項(xiàng)全然憑空捏造。
7. 斷章取義
即脫離上下文，孤立地理解句子的含義。
[2013Text1]These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable--meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that--and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person.
Q5: What is the subject of the text?
[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle
分析：[A]選項(xiàng)對文章個(gè)別表達(dá) see clothes as disposable.. renew their wardrobes every few
weeks.buy20 billion garments a year-- about64 Items per person., vanity is a constant斷章取義,考生若兀自將其串成一副“奢侈生活”的圖像則很容易誤選此項(xiàng)，但實(shí)際上該看法脫離了文章主線：“快時(shí)尚”并不等于“奢侈的生活方式”。
(內(nèi)容來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，由海文考研收集整理，侵權(quán)必刪！)
